Morphological and Molecular Identification of Helopeltis Species on Cocoa from Kaliwining Experimental Station, Jember, Indonesia
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Aug 27, 2023
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Abstract
Severe crop loss of cocoa in Indonesia has long been reported to be caused by Helopeltis. It has been noted that cocoa and Helopeltis have existed in Kaliwining Experimental Station of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Jember, Indonesia, for about 100 years, and the species have developed during that time. Our study aimed for examining the Helopeltis species that attacked cocoa in this experimental station both morphologically, morphometrically, and molecularly and to compare the species with the one attacking cocoa in Java and Nusa Tenggara, preserved at the GenBank. Helopeltis was sampled from infested cocoa pods collected representatively from cocoa at the Kaliwining ES and then reared in the Crop Protection Laboratory of ICCRI. Adults of Helopeltis laboratory-reared insects were identified, 30 females 30 males were selected. Weexamined the morphology and morphometry of the samples, and their identifica tion was based on an insect identification key. Morphometry measurement of male and female body parts includes body length, antenna segments, head, eyes, collar, wing, tibia, and femur. In addition, the molecular identification of Helopeltissp. was made through DNA extraction, amplification, and sequence analysis of DNA target regions using the COI part of mitochondrial DNA. External morphological identification, supported by morphometry of the Helopeltis specimen from Kaliwning, the white bands on all femora, body length, and the ratio of the firstantennal segment to the posterior width of the pronotum suggested that the insect belongs to Helopeltis bradyi. Similarly, molecular identification using PCR amplification through specific primers from COI gene sequences confirmed that Helopeltis specimens from Kaliwining are classified as Helopeltis bradyi.
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Aldini, G., Rahma, A., & Budiman, A. (2023). Morphological and Molecular Identification of Helopeltis Species on Cocoa from Kaliwining Experimental Station, Jember, Indonesia. Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal), 39(2), 141-148. https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v39i2.552
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References
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Melina, S., Martono, E., Trisyono, Y. A., Moechtar, S., & Radek, R. (2016). Morphology of adult Helopeltis bradyi (Heteroptera: Miridae) of Java, resolving a longstanding species uncertainty. North-Western Journal of Zoology, 12(1), 110-121.
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Wiryadiputra, S. (1997). Pengelolaan hama Helopeltis pada tanaman kakao. Warta Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao, 13, 1-12.
Asokan, R., Rebijith, K. B., Srikumar, K. K., Bhat, P. S., & Ramamurthy, V. V. (2012). Molecular identification and diversity of Helopeltis antonii and Helopeltis theivora (Hemiptera: Miridae) in India. Florida Entomologist, 350-358.
Bergroth, E. (1889). Notes on two Capsidae attacking the cinchona plantations in Sikkim. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 25, 271-272.
Hall, B. G. (2001). Phylogenetic trees made easy: a how-to manual for molecular biologists. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer.
Henry, T., Iwen, P. C., & Hinrichs, S. H. (2000). Identification of Aspergillus species using internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2. Journal of clinical microbiology, 38(4), 1510-1515.
Melina, S., Martono, E., Trisyono, Y. A., Moechtar, S., & Radek, R. (2016). Morphology of adult Helopeltis bradyi (Heteroptera: Miridae) of Java, resolving a longstanding species uncertainty. North-Western Journal of Zoology, 12(1), 110-121.
Henry, T., Iwen, P. C., & Hinrichs, S. H. (2000). Identification of Aspergillus species using internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2. Journal of clinical microbiology, 38(4), 1510-1515.
Signoret, V. (1858). Descriptions de nouvelles espèces d'Hémiptères. Société entomologique de France. Ann`.Soc. Entomol. France 3: 499-502.
Stonedahl, G.M. (1991). The oriental species of Helopeltis (Heteroptera: Miridae): a Review of economic literature and guide to identification. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 81, 465–490.
Sulistyowati, E. (2015). Hama utama tanaman kakao dan pengendaliannya. p. 307–332. In: KAKAO : Sejarah, Botani, Proses Produksi, Pengolahan dan Perdagangan, (T. Wahyudi, Misnawi & Pujiyanto, Eds.). Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta.
Sulistyowati, E.; M. Ghorir; S. Wardani & S. Purwoko (2014). Keefektifan serai, bawang merah, dan bunga paitan sebagai insektisida nabati terhadap penghisap buah kakao, Helopeltis antonii. Pelita Perkebunan, 30(1), 35–46.
Walker F. (1873). Catalogue of The Specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in The Collection of The British Museum. London: Printed for the Trustees of the British Museum
Waterhouse, C. O. (1886). XVII. Some observations on the tea‐bugs (Helopeltis) of India and Java. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 34(4), 457-460.
Wiryadiputra, S. (1997). Pengelolaan hama Helopeltis pada tanaman kakao. Warta Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao, 13, 1-12.