Covid-19 pandemic awareness and coping strategies of cocoa farmers in Ondo State of Nigeria
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Aug 15, 2022
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The study investigated COVID-19 pandemic awareness and coping strategies of cocoa farmers in Ondo State of Southwestern Nigeria. Random sampling technique was used to select cocoa farmers in the study area. A total of fifty cocoa farmers (respondents) were purposively selected from Ile-Oluji/Oke-Igbo local government area of the state. Information was collected from the selected farmers with the aid of well-structured questionnaires and the data retrieved from forty-six cocoa farmers collected were analysed with descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis. The result of the analysis showed that 76.1% of the farmers are above the age of 41 years, 78.3% are males while 76.1% are married. Similarly, 78.3% of the cocoa farmers have 4-6 children in the household, 26.1% had secondary education, 43.5% have 16 to 20 years farming experience while 73.9% lived in condominiums or housing units where residents are herded together thereby predisposing them to the risk of the contagion. Most of the respondents (95.7%) had low income or sales during covid-19 pandemic, 78.3% ate food three times before covid-19 while 15.2% ate three times during the pandemic. 89.1% did not have enough food at home during the lockdown and 95.6% did not have enough money to buy food during the pandemic. Majority of the respondents (96%) were aware of the occurrence of COVID-19, 69.6% of the respondents coped by relying on less expensive food during the lockdown, 56.5% reduced their food consumption due to income loss, 63% reduced the number of meals eaten daily while 67.4% reduced the portion or size of meal daily during COVID-19. The chi-square test also showed that a significant relationship exists between farmers’ awareness and coping strategies to covid-19 as well as the quality and type of food they consumed.
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Agulanna, F. (2022). Covid-19 pandemic awareness and coping strategies of cocoa farmers in Ondo State of Nigeria. Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal), 38(2), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v38i2.506
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References
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Akinwale, O. (2006). Prospects and challenges in local production of cocoa as raw materials in Nigeria. Cocoa Mirror, 1, 9-11.
Bartlett, J. R.; Tackie, D. N. O.; Reid, D.; Adu-Gyamfi, A. and McKenzie-Jakes, A. (2018). “An Analysis of the Characteristics and Practices of Selected Florida Small Livestock Producers: A Focus on Production and Processing.” Professional Agricultural Workers Journal, 5(2). Available at: https://tuspubs.tuskegee.edu/pawj/vol5/iss2/6 (accessed on 12 April, 2021).
Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN) (2003). Bulletin of Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN), Ibadan, Vol. 12.
Edom, S. (2020). How to Start a Lucrative Cocoa Farming Business in Nigeria: the Complete Guide. Available at: https://startuptipsdaily.com/how-to-start-cocoa-farming-in-nigeria- africa/ (accessed on 15 December, 2021)].
Hamzat, R.A., Olaiya, O.A., Sanusi, R.A., and Adedeji, A.R. (2006). State of Cocoa Growing, Quality and Research in Nigeria: Need for intervention. A Technical Presentation, at The Biennial Partnership Programme of the World Cocoa Foundation (WCF), held in Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 May, 2006, p.3.
Ibiremo, O.S.; Daniel, M.A.; Iremiren, G.O. and Fagbola, O. (2011). Soil fertility evaluation for cocoa production in southeastern Adamawa state, Nigeria. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 7(2), 218-223.
International Cocoa Organization (2015). Annual Reports 2010–2014. Quarterly Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics.
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). Cocoa (Theobroma cacao). Available at: https://www.iita.org/cropsnew/cocoa/ (accessed on 7 December, 2021)
Jacobs, E. D. and Okeke, M.I. (2022). A critical evaluation of Nigeria’s response to the first wave of COVID-19. Bulletin of the National Research Centre 46:44. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.1186/s42269-022-00729-9 (accessed on 22 February, 2022).
Mayhew, D and A. Perry, (1998). Tropical and Sub-Tropical Foods; 183-193, Macmillan Publishers Limited London and Basingshoke.
Mondelēz International (2021). Cocoa growing. Available at: https://www.cocoalife.org/in-the- cocoa-origins (accessed on 8 December, 2021).]
National Bureau of Statistics (2013). National Survey on Agricultural Exportable Commodities Report. Cited in Afolayan, O.S. (2020). Supra.
Nwachukwu, I., Ndubuto, N. A., Jude, N. and George, I. (2011). Competitiveness and
determinants of cocoa export from Nigeria. Report and Opinion. 2(7): 51-54.
Oluyole, K.A. (2005). Evaluation of the Economics of Post-Harvest Processing of Cocoa in Cross River State, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture, Forestry, and Social Sciences. 3 (2): 58-64.
Shahbandeh, M. (2021). Cocoa bean production: Nigeria (2018/2019) in 1,000 metric tons.
Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/262620/global-cocoa-production/ (accessed on 10 May, 2021).
Villalobos, V.M. (1999). Advances in Tissue Culture Methods Applied to Coffee and Cocoa Plant Biotechnology for Developing Countries (United Kingdom: CTA/FAO/Chayce Publication Services).