Callus formation of Coffea canephora induced with 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and tomato extract supplements
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Dec 19, 2023
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Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) is Indonesia's essential leading trade commodity. Robusta coffee is preferred for its bitter taste. However, robusta coffee productivity decreased due to bad agriculture practice. Tissue culture is an alternative to cultivation with various advantages. The plant growth regulators (PGRs) influence tissue culture’s success. Due to its stability, 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid has become a common synthetic PGRs. PGRs can be obtained from natural ingredients, such as tomatoes. This study aimed to analyze the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and tomato extract addition and its appropriate concentration for callus induction of robusta coffee in vitro. This research was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University. This study used a Complete Randomized Design with two factors. The first factor was the concentration of tomato extract (0%; 7.5%; 10%; and 12.5%). Meanwhile, the second factor was the concentration of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (0 ppm; 1 ppm; 2 ppm; and 3 ppm). Observation parameters include the percentage of callus formation, callus growing time, callus fresh weight, callus color, and callus texture. The quantitative data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney Test to compare the effect of each treatment. The results showed that among other treatment combinations, treatment with the addition of 2 ppm 2,4-D and 10% tomato extract (T2D2) and treatment with the addition of 3 ppm 2,4-D and 10% tomato extract (T2D3) had the best effect in inducing the callus of robusta coffee.
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Fahira, N., Latunra, A., & Johannes, E. (2023). Callus formation of Coffea canephora induced with 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and tomato extract supplements. Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal), 39(3), 184-200. https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v39i3.565
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References
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Asghar, S., N. Ghori, F. Hyat, Y. Li & C. Chen, (2022). Use of auxin and cytokinin for somatic embryogenesis in plant: A story from competence towards completion. Plant Growth Regulation, 99(3), 413–428.
Awada, R., C. Campa, E. Gibault, E. Déchamp, F. Georget, M. Lepelley, C. Abdallah, A. Erban, F. Martinez-Seidel, J. Kopka, L. Legendre, S. Léran, G. Conéjéro, G., J. L. Verdeil, D. Crouzillat, D. Breton, B. Bertrand & H. Etienne, (2019). Unravelling the Metabolic and Hormonal Machinery During Key Steps of Somatic Embryogenesis: A Case Study in Coffee. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(19), 1–29.
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Dewi, S., A. M. M. Zain, S. Bakri & A. R. Kadir, (2020). Development strategy of Bontolojong Turatea coffee (case study CV Bontolojong in the Ujung Bulu Village Rumbia District Jeneponto Regency). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, p. 1-9. Kota Makassar, Indonesia.
Dewir, Y. H., Nurmansyah, Y. Naidoo, & J. A. Teixeira Da Silva, (2018). Thidiazuron-induced abnormalities in plant tissue cultures. Plant Cell Reports, 37(11), 1451–1470.
Fitroh, A. I., R. Dwiyani, I. K. A. Wijaya & H. Yuswanti, (2018). Pengaruh 2,4-D terhadap Induksi Kalus Daun Stroberi (Fragaria sp.) dengan Media Alternatif Nutrisi Hidroponik AB Mix. 7(3), 304–315.
Hapsoro, D., D. Setiawan, R. Hamiranti & Yusnita. (2019). Pengaruh 2-iP, BA, 2,4-D, dan TDZ pada Embriogenesis Somatik in vitro Kopi Robusta Unggul Lampung. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 7(3), 527–537.
Helena, A., R. Restiani & D. Aditiyarini, (2022). Optimasi Antioksidan sebagai Penghambat Browning pada Tahap Inisiasi Kultur In Vitro Bambu Petung (Dendrocalamus asper). Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati, 7(2), 86–93.
Heriansyah, P., & E. Indrawanis, (2020). Uji Tingkat Kontaminasi Eksplan Anggrek Bromheadia finlysoniana L.Miq Dalam Kultur In-Vitro Dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Tomat. Jurnal Agroqua, 18(2), 223-232
Ibnu, M., & N. Rosanti, (2022). Tren Produksi Dan Perdagangan Negara-Negara Produsen Kopi Terbesar di Dunia Dan Implikasinya Bagi Indonesia. Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan, 16(2), 145-166.
Ibrahim, M. S. D., & R. R. S. Hartati, (2017). Peningkatan Induksi Kalus Embriogenik dan Konversi Embrio Somatik Kopi Robusta Klon BP 308. Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar, 4(3), 121–132.
Ibrahim, M. S. D., E. Randriani, L. Sari & A. Nuraini, (2019). Radiosensitivitas Kalus Embriogenik Kopi Robusta Bp 436 Terhadap Iradiasi Sinar Gamma. Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar, 6(1), 41–50.
Islam, S. M. S. (2015). Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis from leaf and root explants of Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume. Applied Biological Resaerch, 17, 158–165.
Junairiah, D. A. Sofiana, Y. S. W. Manuhara & Surahmaida. (2018). Induksi Kalus Piper retrofractum Vahl. Dengan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Auksin dan Sitokinin. Journal of Pharmacy and Science, 3(2), 41–46.
Kasim, S., S. Liong, Ruslan & A. Lullung, (2020). Penurunan Kadar Asam dalam Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) dari Desa Rantebua Kabupaten Toraja Utara dengan Teknik Pemanasan: KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia, 6(2), 118-125.
Kocaman, A. Y., & B. Güven, (2016). In vitro genotoxicity assessment of the synthetic plant growth regulator, 1-naphthaleneacetamide. Cytotechnology, 68(4), 947–956.
Livramento, K. G., L. F. Torres, F. V. Barbosa, J. de C. Andrade, D. E. Livramento & L. V. Paiva, (2018). Influence of 2,4-D Growth Regulator and Foliar Explant Source on Coffea arabica Embryogenic Calli. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 21(3), 1–9.
Lizawati, L., Z. Zulkarnain & N. Neliyati, (2020). In Vitro Callus Development on Immature Leaf Explants of Liberica Coffee (Coffea liberica L. cv. Liberika Tungkal Komposit) by the Application of 2.4-D and BAP. Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi, 8(2), 111-118.
Maulidia, D., A. Asnawati & A. Listiawati, (2022). Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ekstrak Tomat Terhadap Pertumbuhan Sub Kultur Anggrek Dendrobium singkawangense Pada Media ½ Ms Secara In Vitro. Jurnal Sains Pertanian Equator, 10(4), 1-9.
Navarro, M., & S. Munné-Bosch, (2022). Reduced Phosphate Availability Improves Tomato Quality Through Hormonal Modulation in Developing Fruits. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 41(1), 153–162.
Nour, V., T. D. Panaite, M. Ropota, R. Turcu, I. Trandafir & A. R. Corbu, (2018). Nutritional and bioactive compounds in dried tomato processing waste. CyTA - Journal of Food, 16(1), 222–229.
Oktaviana, M. A., R. Linda & Mukarlina. (2016). Pertumbuhan Tunas Mahkota Nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) Secara In Vitro Dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Dan Benzyl Amino Purin (BAP). Jurnal Protobiont, 4(3), 109-112.
Özkul, M., Ç. A. Özel, D. Yüzbaşıoğlu, & F. Ünal, (2016). Does 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) induce genotoxic effects in tissue cultured Allium roots? Cytotechnology, 68(6), 2395–2405.
Rismayanti, A. Y., & H. H. Nafi’ah, (2021). Modifikasi Media Pada Induksi Kalus Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L.) Berbuah Kuning. Agro Wiralodra, 4(2), 42–49.
Rosiana, N., R. Nurmalina, R. Winandi & A. Rifin, (2018). Dynamics of Indonesian Robusta Coffee Competition Among Major Competitor Countries. Jurnal Tanaman Industri Dan Penyegar, 5(1), 1-10.
Sari, R., A. P. Paserang, R. Pitopang & I. N. Suwastika, (2019). Induksi Kalus Tanaman Kentang Dombu (Solanum tuberosum L.) Secara In Vitro Dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Tomat Dan Air Kelapa. Natural Science: Journal of Science and Technology, 8(1), 20–27.
Serliana, M., Mukarlina, & R. Linda, (2019). Pertumbuhan Anggrek Hitam (Coelogyne pandurata Lindl.) secara In Vitro Dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L) Dan Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP). Jurnal Protobiont, 6(3), 310-315.
Sulistiyo, D., D. Kusaman & I. K. E. Wijayanti, (2023). Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Kopi Indonesia Di Pasar Dunia. Mimbar Agribisnis, 9(1), 1177-1185.
Ulva, M., Y. Nurchayati, E. Prihastanti & N. Setiari, (2019). Pertumbuhan Kalus Tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Varietas Permata F1 dari Jenis Eksplan dan Konsentrasi Sukrosa yang Berbeda secara In Vitro. Life Science, 8(2), 160-169.
Velásquez, S., & C. Banchón, (2022). Influence of pre-and post-harvest factors on the organoleptic and physicochemical quality of coffee: A short review. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 1–13.
Yan, R., C. Wang, J. Wang, R. Nie & H. Sun, (2020). High-efficiency somatic embryogenesis techniques for different hybrids of cut lilies. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 143(1), 145–157.
Yulianti, Y., S. I. Aisyah, & D. Sukma, (2016). Pengaruh Bahan Organik Nabati dan Hewani terhadap Pertumbuhan Protocorm Like Bodies Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume. Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia, 7(3), 176-186,
Agius, C., S. von Tucher, B. Poppenberger & W. Rozhon, (2018). Quantification of sugars and organic acids in tomato fruits. MethodsX, 5, 537–550.
Agustin, R., S. Suharsono & R. R. Putra, (2020). Pengaruh Ekstrak Tomat Terhadap Pertumbuhan Embrio Anggrek Phaius Tankervilleae Khas Gunung Galunggung Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Bioma : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi, 9(2), 264-279.
Arimarsetiowati, R. & F. Ardiyani, (2016). Perbanyakan Tanaman Nonkonvensional. In: T. Wahyudi, Pujiyanto & Misnawi. Kopi: Sejarah, Botani, Proses Produksi, Pengolahan, Produk Hilir, dan Sistem Kemitraan, p. 142-162, Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
Arimarsetiowati, R., B. Daryono, Y. T. M. Astuti & E. Semiarti, (2022). Establishment of an efficient primary callus induction for embryogenic potential of Coffea arabica. Pelita Perkebunan , 38(2), 108–119.
Asghar, S., N. Ghori, F. Hyat, Y. Li & C. Chen, (2022). Use of auxin and cytokinin for somatic embryogenesis in plant: A story from competence towards completion. Plant Growth Regulation, 99(3), 413–428.
Awada, R., C. Campa, E. Gibault, E. Déchamp, F. Georget, M. Lepelley, C. Abdallah, A. Erban, F. Martinez-Seidel, J. Kopka, L. Legendre, S. Léran, G. Conéjéro, G., J. L. Verdeil, D. Crouzillat, D. Breton, B. Bertrand & H. Etienne, (2019). Unravelling the Metabolic and Hormonal Machinery During Key Steps of Somatic Embryogenesis: A Case Study in Coffee. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(19), 1–29.
Baday, S. J. S. (2018). In Vitro Study of The Callus Induction ff Two Varieties of Wheat Seeds By Plant Growth Regulators. Biochemical and Cellular Archives, 18(2), 2067–2071.
Bogdanović, M. D., K. B. Ćuković, A. R. Subotić, M. B. Dragićević, A. D. Simonović, B.K. Filipović & S. I. Todorović, (2021). Secondary Somatic Embryogenesis in Centaurium erythraea Rafn. Plants, 10(2), 1–20
Byrareddy, V., L. Kouadio, S. Mushtaq & R. Stone, (2019). Sustainable Production of Robusta Coffee under a Changing Climate: A 10-Year Monitoring of Fertilizer Management in Coffee Farms in Vietnam and Indonesia. Agronomy, 9(9), 1–19.
Deb, C. R., & P. K. Gangmei, (2017). Callus Mediated Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis and Plants Regeneration of Saurauia punduana Wallich (Actinidiaceae) from In Vitro Cotyledonary Leaves. Current Biotechnology, 6, 69–76.
Dewi, L. K., E. Nurcahyani & M. L. Lande, (2021). Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Terhadap Kandungan Karbohidrat dan Pertumbuhan Planlet Anggrek Dendrobiumstriaenopsis. Journal of Agricultural Science, 19(1), 67–73.
Dewi, S., A. M. M. Zain, S. Bakri & A. R. Kadir, (2020). Development strategy of Bontolojong Turatea coffee (case study CV Bontolojong in the Ujung Bulu Village Rumbia District Jeneponto Regency). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, p. 1-9. Kota Makassar, Indonesia.
Dewir, Y. H., Nurmansyah, Y. Naidoo, & J. A. Teixeira Da Silva, (2018). Thidiazuron-induced abnormalities in plant tissue cultures. Plant Cell Reports, 37(11), 1451–1470.
Fitroh, A. I., R. Dwiyani, I. K. A. Wijaya & H. Yuswanti, (2018). Pengaruh 2,4-D terhadap Induksi Kalus Daun Stroberi (Fragaria sp.) dengan Media Alternatif Nutrisi Hidroponik AB Mix. 7(3), 304–315.
Hapsoro, D., D. Setiawan, R. Hamiranti & Yusnita. (2019). Pengaruh 2-iP, BA, 2,4-D, dan TDZ pada Embriogenesis Somatik in vitro Kopi Robusta Unggul Lampung. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 7(3), 527–537.
Helena, A., R. Restiani & D. Aditiyarini, (2022). Optimasi Antioksidan sebagai Penghambat Browning pada Tahap Inisiasi Kultur In Vitro Bambu Petung (Dendrocalamus asper). Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati, 7(2), 86–93.
Heriansyah, P., & E. Indrawanis, (2020). Uji Tingkat Kontaminasi Eksplan Anggrek Bromheadia finlysoniana L.Miq Dalam Kultur In-Vitro Dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Tomat. Jurnal Agroqua, 18(2), 223-232
Ibnu, M., & N. Rosanti, (2022). Tren Produksi Dan Perdagangan Negara-Negara Produsen Kopi Terbesar di Dunia Dan Implikasinya Bagi Indonesia. Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan, 16(2), 145-166.
Ibrahim, M. S. D., & R. R. S. Hartati, (2017). Peningkatan Induksi Kalus Embriogenik dan Konversi Embrio Somatik Kopi Robusta Klon BP 308. Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar, 4(3), 121–132.
Ibrahim, M. S. D., E. Randriani, L. Sari & A. Nuraini, (2019). Radiosensitivitas Kalus Embriogenik Kopi Robusta Bp 436 Terhadap Iradiasi Sinar Gamma. Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar, 6(1), 41–50.
Islam, S. M. S. (2015). Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis from leaf and root explants of Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume. Applied Biological Resaerch, 17, 158–165.
Junairiah, D. A. Sofiana, Y. S. W. Manuhara & Surahmaida. (2018). Induksi Kalus Piper retrofractum Vahl. Dengan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Auksin dan Sitokinin. Journal of Pharmacy and Science, 3(2), 41–46.
Kasim, S., S. Liong, Ruslan & A. Lullung, (2020). Penurunan Kadar Asam dalam Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) dari Desa Rantebua Kabupaten Toraja Utara dengan Teknik Pemanasan: KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia, 6(2), 118-125.
Kocaman, A. Y., & B. Güven, (2016). In vitro genotoxicity assessment of the synthetic plant growth regulator, 1-naphthaleneacetamide. Cytotechnology, 68(4), 947–956.
Livramento, K. G., L. F. Torres, F. V. Barbosa, J. de C. Andrade, D. E. Livramento & L. V. Paiva, (2018). Influence of 2,4-D Growth Regulator and Foliar Explant Source on Coffea arabica Embryogenic Calli. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 21(3), 1–9.
Lizawati, L., Z. Zulkarnain & N. Neliyati, (2020). In Vitro Callus Development on Immature Leaf Explants of Liberica Coffee (Coffea liberica L. cv. Liberika Tungkal Komposit) by the Application of 2.4-D and BAP. Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi, 8(2), 111-118.
Maulidia, D., A. Asnawati & A. Listiawati, (2022). Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ekstrak Tomat Terhadap Pertumbuhan Sub Kultur Anggrek Dendrobium singkawangense Pada Media ½ Ms Secara In Vitro. Jurnal Sains Pertanian Equator, 10(4), 1-9.
Navarro, M., & S. Munné-Bosch, (2022). Reduced Phosphate Availability Improves Tomato Quality Through Hormonal Modulation in Developing Fruits. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 41(1), 153–162.
Nour, V., T. D. Panaite, M. Ropota, R. Turcu, I. Trandafir & A. R. Corbu, (2018). Nutritional and bioactive compounds in dried tomato processing waste. CyTA - Journal of Food, 16(1), 222–229.
Oktaviana, M. A., R. Linda & Mukarlina. (2016). Pertumbuhan Tunas Mahkota Nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) Secara In Vitro Dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Dan Benzyl Amino Purin (BAP). Jurnal Protobiont, 4(3), 109-112.
Özkul, M., Ç. A. Özel, D. Yüzbaşıoğlu, & F. Ünal, (2016). Does 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) induce genotoxic effects in tissue cultured Allium roots? Cytotechnology, 68(6), 2395–2405.
Rismayanti, A. Y., & H. H. Nafi’ah, (2021). Modifikasi Media Pada Induksi Kalus Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L.) Berbuah Kuning. Agro Wiralodra, 4(2), 42–49.
Rosiana, N., R. Nurmalina, R. Winandi & A. Rifin, (2018). Dynamics of Indonesian Robusta Coffee Competition Among Major Competitor Countries. Jurnal Tanaman Industri Dan Penyegar, 5(1), 1-10.
Sari, R., A. P. Paserang, R. Pitopang & I. N. Suwastika, (2019). Induksi Kalus Tanaman Kentang Dombu (Solanum tuberosum L.) Secara In Vitro Dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Tomat Dan Air Kelapa. Natural Science: Journal of Science and Technology, 8(1), 20–27.
Serliana, M., Mukarlina, & R. Linda, (2019). Pertumbuhan Anggrek Hitam (Coelogyne pandurata Lindl.) secara In Vitro Dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L) Dan Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP). Jurnal Protobiont, 6(3), 310-315.
Sulistiyo, D., D. Kusaman & I. K. E. Wijayanti, (2023). Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Kopi Indonesia Di Pasar Dunia. Mimbar Agribisnis, 9(1), 1177-1185.
Ulva, M., Y. Nurchayati, E. Prihastanti & N. Setiari, (2019). Pertumbuhan Kalus Tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Varietas Permata F1 dari Jenis Eksplan dan Konsentrasi Sukrosa yang Berbeda secara In Vitro. Life Science, 8(2), 160-169.
Velásquez, S., & C. Banchón, (2022). Influence of pre-and post-harvest factors on the organoleptic and physicochemical quality of coffee: A short review. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 1–13.
Yan, R., C. Wang, J. Wang, R. Nie & H. Sun, (2020). High-efficiency somatic embryogenesis techniques for different hybrids of cut lilies. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 143(1), 145–157.
Yulianti, Y., S. I. Aisyah, & D. Sukma, (2016). Pengaruh Bahan Organik Nabati dan Hewani terhadap Pertumbuhan Protocorm Like Bodies Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume. Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia, 7(3), 176-186,